It's the immigration office inside each Questura. It handles permesso applications, fingerprinting, renewals, conversions, and many day-to-day immigration formalities for non-EU residents.
It's the office you actually visit for fotosegnalamento and to pick up your permit. Its working hours and SMS notification practices vary by city.
"For his renewal pickup in Reggio Emilia, Aleksandr followed the Polizia di Stato portal until the status said "pronto." He then booked a slot at the Ufficio Immigrazione and walked out with his new card the next morning."
Wait times and behaviours differ a lot between Questure. What's standard in one city can be unusual in another, so ask local patronati for tips about your specific office.
Official source
Polizia di Stato
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