It's the short-stay Schengen visa (Type C) for stays up to 90 days within any 180-day window in the Schengen area. It's used for tourism, business, family visits, and similar short trips.
If your country isn't on the visa-free list, this is the visa you need to fly to Italy for a short trip. Overstaying it can trigger fines and bans across the whole Schengen area.
Type C is short-stay only. You can't use it to start living and working in Italy. For that, you need a National Visa (Type D).
Official source
Ministero degli Affari Esteri
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