It's your municipality, the most local layer of Italian government. Your comune runs the anagrafe, the stato civile, local schools, garbage collection, residenza, and many services that touch you every day.
Most everyday paperwork starts and ends at the comune: residenza, ID card, marriage, birth registration, school enrolment, TARI, local certificates. Knowing your comune's online portal can save many trips.
"After moving to a small village near Aosta, Halil booked his appointments online with the comune for residenza and CIE. Two visits and a bit of patience later, both were sorted."
Cities are split into municipi or quartieri internally, but legally there's still only one comune per city. The anagrafe office you walk into is part of the same legal entity.
Official source
ANCI
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