It's the legal status of being recognised as a citizen of Italy. The main routes are by descent (iure sanguinis), by marriage, by long residence (naturalisation), or by being born in Italy and meeting specific conditions.
Citizenship gives you an EU passport, the right to vote in all elections, and security against losing status. It also ends the renewal cycle of residence permits.
"After a long process spanning 11 years, Idowu finally received her decreto di concessione in Reggio Calabria. The juramento at the comune followed a few weeks later, and her passport application was next."
There's no single citizenship process. Iure sanguinis, marriage, and residence each have different rules, different timelines, and different documents.
Official source
Ministero dell'Interno
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