It's an EU-wide emergency protection mechanism activated for mass arrivals from a specific area. The most recent activation covered people fleeing the war in Ukraine starting in 2022.
It skips the long individual asylum process. Beneficiaries get standardised rights across the EU for the duration of the active decision.
It's strictly tied to the EU decision. When the decision ends, the protection ends, and beneficiaries usually need to find another legal route to stay.
Official source
European Commission
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