It's the EU's Single Permit, an Italian residence permit that combines the right to live and work in Italy in one document. It applies to non-EU workers under the normal employment route, with rules and rights aligned with EU directives.
It standardises the rights of non-EU workers across EU countries and gives equal treatment in many areas like working conditions and education access. In Italy, your permesso di soggiorno per lavoro is essentially the local form of the Single Permit.
EU Single Permit is more about EU-wide rules and standardisation than a separate permit type you choose. In Italy you don't apply for "a Single Permit". You apply for the relevant work permit, which falls under the same framework.
Official source
European Commission
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