It's the public body that insures workers against accidents at work and occupational illness. Employers register and pay premiums for their staff, and INAIL handles claims, medical care, and compensation for affected workers.
If you're hurt at work or while commuting, your case is managed by INAIL. They can pay for medical care, time off, and long-term disability.
"After a forklift accident in Pordenone, Mahmoud spent 4 weeks recovering. The hospital reports went to INAIL, which covered the medical care and paid him an indemnity for the time he couldn't work."
INAIL covers work and commute-related events. General illnesses and injuries away from work go through the SSN and INPS sickness leave, not INAIL.
Official source
INAIL
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