It's the permit for people who don't meet the refugee definition but face a real risk of serious harm at home, like the death penalty, torture, or indiscriminate violence. It's valid for 5 years and renewable.
Subsidiary protection gives almost the same practical rights as refugee status: work, family reunification, healthcare, and a path to the long-term EU permit after 5 years.
"With armed conflict ongoing in his home region, Faisal was granted subsidiary protection by the Commissione in Bari. His permesso was issued for 5 years and renewed without trouble at the end."
Refugee status and subsidiary protection are separate categories. The grounds are different even if the day-to-day rights look similar.
Official source
Ministero dell'Interno
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